运算符

算术运算符

即加减乘除、取余和自增自减，示例如下：

public class Test {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
     int a = 10;
     int b = 20;
     int c = 25;
     int d = 25;
     System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b) );
     System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b) );
     System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b) );
     System.out.println("b / a = " + (b / a) );
     System.out.println("b % a = " + (b % a) );
     System.out.println("c % a = " + (c % a) );
     System.out.println("a++   = " +  (a++) );
     System.out.println("a--   = " +  (a--) );
     // 查看  d++ 与 ++d 的不同
     System.out.println("d++   = " +  (d++) );
     System.out.println("++d   = " +  (++d) );
  }
}

运行结果：

a + b = 30
a - b = -10
a * b = 200
b / a = 2
b % a = 0
c % a = 5
a++   = 10
a--   = 11
d++   = 25
++d   = 27

注意：

1. 自增（++）自减（--）运算符是一种特殊的算术运算符，在算术运算符中需要两个操作数来进行运算，而自增自减运算符是一个操作数；
2. 前缀自增自减法(++a, --a): 先进行自增或者自减运算，再进行表达式运算；
3. 后缀自增自减法(a++, a--): 先进行表达式运算，再进行自增或者自减运算。

示例如下：

public class selfAddMinus{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        int a = 3;
        int b = ++a;
        int c = 3;
        int d = --c; 
        System.out.println("a=3, 进行自增运算后的值等于 "+b);
        System.out.println("c=3, 进行自减运算后的值等于 "+d);

        int u = 5;
        int v = 5;
        int x = 2*++u;
        int y = 2*v++;
        System.out.println("u=5, 自增运算符前缀运算后 u="+u+", x="+x);
        System.out.println("v=5, 自增运算符后缀运算后 v="+v+", y="+y);
    }
}

运行结果：

a=3, 进行自增运算后的值等于 4
c=3, 进行自减运算后的值等于 2
u=5, 自增运算符前缀运算后 u=6, x=12
v=5, 自增运算符后缀运算后 v=6, y=10

关系运算符

即关于判断大小关系的运算符。示例如下：

public class Test {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
     int a = 10;
     int b = 20;
     System.out.println("a == b = " + (a == b) );
     System.out.println("a != b = " + (a != b) );
     System.out.println("a > b = " + (a > b) );
     System.out.println("a < b = " + (a < b) );
     System.out.println("b >= a = " + (b >= a) );
     System.out.println("b <= a = " + (b <= a) );
  }
}

运行结果为：

a == b = false
a != b = true
a > b = false
a < b = true
b >= a = true
b <= a = false

位运算符

Java位运算符用于整数类型(int)，长整型(long)，短整型(short)，字符型(char)，和字节型(byte)等类型。位运算符作用在所有的位上，并且按位运算。示例如下：

public class Test {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
     int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */ 
     int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
     int c = 0;
     c = a & b;       /* 12 = 0000 1100 */
     System.out.println("a & b = " + c );

     c = a | b;       /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
     System.out.println("a | b = " + c );

     c = a ^ b;       /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
     System.out.println("a ^ b = " + c );

     c = ~a;          /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
     System.out.println("~a = " + c );

     c = a << 2;     /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
     System.out.println("a << 2 = " + c );

     c = a >> 2;     /* 15 = 1111 */
     System.out.println("a >> 2  = " + c );

     c = a >>> 2;     /* 15 = 0000 1111 */
     System.out.println("a >>> 2 = " + c );
  }
} 

运行结果为：

a & b = 12
a | b = 61
a ^ b = 49
~a = -61
a << 2 = 240
a >> 2  = 15
a >>> 2 = 15

逻辑运算符

即与（&&）、或（||）、非（!）运算。示例如下：

public class Test {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
     boolean a = true;
     boolean b = false;
     System.out.println("a && b = " + (a&&b));
     System.out.println("a || b = " + (a||b) );
     System.out.println("!(a && b) = " + !(a && b));
  }
}

运行结果为：

a && b = false
a || b = true
!(a && b) = true

赋值运算符

即将以上的运算符与等号合并使用的运算符。示例如下：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 20;
        int c = 0;
        c = a + b;
        System.out.println("c = a + b = " + c );
        c += a ;
        System.out.println("c += a  = " + c );
        c -= a ;
        System.out.println("c -= a = " + c );
        c *= a ;
        System.out.println("c *= a = " + c );
        a = 10;
        c = 15;
        c /= a ;
        System.out.println("c /= a = " + c );
        a = 10;
        c = 15;
        c %= a ;
        System.out.println("c %= a  = " + c );
        c <<= 2 ;
        System.out.println("c <<= 2 = " + c );
        c >>= 2 ;
        System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
        c >>= 2 ;
        System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
        c &= a ;
        System.out.println("c &= a  = " + c );
        c ^= a ;
        System.out.println("c ^= a   = " + c );
        c |= a ;
        System.out.println("c |= a   = " + c );
    }
}

运行结果为：

c = a + b = 30
c += a  = 40
c -= a = 30
c *= a = 300
c /= a = 1
c %= a  = 5
c <<= 2 = 20
c >>= 2 = 5
c >>= 2 = 1
c &= a  = 0
c ^= a   = 10
c |= a   = 10

条件运算符（?:）

variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

instanceof运算符

该运算符用于操作对象实例，检查该对象是否是一个特定类型（类类型或接口类型）。

如果运算符左侧变量所指的对象，是操作符右侧类或接口(class/interface)的一个对象，那么结果为真。示例如下：

String name = "James";
boolean result = name instanceof String; // 由于 name 是 String 类型，所以返回真

如果被比较的对象兼容于右侧类型,该运算符仍然返回true。示例如下：

class Vehicle {}

public class Car extends Vehicle {
   public static void main(String[] args){
      Vehicle a = new Car();
      boolean result =  a instanceof Car;
      System.out.println( result);
   }
}

运行结果为：

true

参考链接

• 菜鸟教程：Java运算符